Vibration Control in Rotating Shafts Using Modal Analysis and PID Feedback Control Algorithm

Abstract

Despite their importance in numerous industrial applications, rotating shafts are susceptible to dynamic instabilities and vibrations, which may damage the structure, disrupt operational efficiency, and shorten system lifespan. This research provides a holistic solution for vibration control of rotating shafts using modal analysis in conjunction with a PID feedback control loop. Modal analysis is done to determine the shaft's natural frequencies and mode shapes in order to apply optimal damping. Separately, the PID controller is tuned to counteract real-time resonant vibration using displacement and velocity feedback from embedded sensors. Simulations as well as experiments have been performed, and they show that, at critical modes, there is a significant reduction in amplitude response, resulting in decreased settling times and improved stability of the system. This hybrid solution provides better dynamic performance with changes in operating conditions, making it applicable in predictive maintenance and real-time vibration control of rotating machinery.